Insights / Legal and Compliance
Saudi and UAE courts, arbitration rules and labor law all default to Arabic. Learn when to translate, certify and legalize contracts and corporate documents.
Quick Answer
You need Arabic legal translation in Saudi Arabia when a foreign-language document goes before a Saudi court, supports an arbitration seated there, or forms part of an employment relationship. Arabic is the official court language, the default arbitration language and the controlling text of labor contracts. The UAE follows a similar pattern, with exceptions such as the DIFC Courts.
Companies entering the Gulf often sign in English first and think about Arabic later. That order costs time when a dispute, a filing or an enforcement step arrives. This guide explains where Arabic legal translation in Saudi Arabia and the UAE is required, where it is simply wise, and how certification and legalization work.
This article is general information, not legal advice. Confirm current requirements with qualified counsel in Saudi Arabia or the UAE before you sign or file anything.
You need it the moment a foreign-language document enters the Saudi court system. Article 23 of the Saudi Law of Civil Procedures makes Arabic the official language of the courts. Non-Arabic speakers are heard through an interpreter. Any document in a foreign language must come with a certified Arabic translation prepared by a licensed office.
Employment is the second trigger. Article 9 of the Saudi Labor Law makes Arabic the language of employment contracts, records, files and employer instructions. If the employer also uses a foreign language, the Arabic text prevails. The law received broad amendments that took effect on 18 February 2025, so check the current consolidated text before you rely on any article number.
The practical point: an English-only contract can still end up in Arabic. If it reaches a Saudi court, the judge works from the certified translation. Preparing that Arabic text before a dispute gives you control over the wording.
The UAE also starts from Arabic but allows more room for English. Article 5 of the UAE Civil Procedure Code, in force since 2 January 2023, makes Arabic the official court language and lets judicial heads designate English for certain specialized tribunals. Al Tamimi & Company notes that documents previously had to be translated into Arabic by a Ministry of Justice approved translator. Local rules also vary. Abu Dhabi’s Judicial Council Circular No. 8 of 2023 exempts English documents that contain only numerical data, such as bank statements and invoices, from mandatory translation, while judges keep discretion.
Separately, the DIFC Courts run an English-language common law jurisdiction. They hear claims arising out of the DIFC and any case where all parties agree in writing to use them.
Arabic is the default in both countries, unless the parties agree on another language. Article 29 of the Saudi Law of Arbitration (Royal Decree M/34 of 1433H) says arbitration is conducted in Arabic unless the tribunal or the parties agree otherwise. Article 53 adds that a party seeking enforcement of a non-Arabic award must submit an Arabic translation attested by an accredited authority.
A draft new arbitration law released for consultation in 2025 was still a draft in May 2026, and it keeps Arabic as the default.
The SCCA Arbitration Rules, in force since 1 May 2023, handle the question in Article 23. If the parties do not agree on a language, the administrator sets one provisionally and the tribunal decides within 30 days of its constitution. Both are guided by the language of the arbitration agreement and the underlying contract. The tribunal may also order translations of exhibits.
In the UAE, Article 29 of Federal Law No. 6 of 2018 sets Arabic as the language of proceedings unless the parties agree otherwise. Article 55 requires a certified Arabic translation of any non-Arabic award submitted for enforcement.
So name the language in your arbitration clause, and budget for an Arabic translation of the award whatever language the hearing uses.
Saudi employment contracts need Arabic under the labor law. For other documents, an Arabic version is a safeguard wherever a local court, tribunal, ministry or bank may read it. Common candidates:
A bilingual contract also needs a clause that says which version controls. Without one, two versions can carry two meanings.
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Translation makes a document readable. Legalization proves it is genuine. Many cross-border files need both, in the right order.
Saudi Arabia is a party to the HCCH Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents, in force for the Kingdom since 7 December 2022. Public documents from other contracting states can therefore travel with an apostille. The UAE does not appear on that status table.
For UK documents headed to the UAE, the UAE Embassy in London describes a chain. The UK foreign office legalizes the document first. The embassy attests it next, and the UAE Ministry of Foreign Affairs issues the final digital attestation. Powers of attorney must be signed before a UK solicitor or notary, and those with commercial elements count as commercial documents. Article 52 of the UAE Law of Evidence lets courts accept instruments issued abroad once endorsed by the competent authorities in both states.
A workable sequence:
Check language, certification and legalization for every document type, using this table as a starting point.
| Document | Typical Use | What to Check |
|---|---|---|
| Commercial contract | Performance and disputes | Governing language clause; defined terms match in both versions |
| Arbitration clause | SCCA or UAE-seated arbitration | Language, seat and rules named expressly |
| Saudi employment contract | Hiring | Arabic text present; current Labor Law text after 2025 amendments |
| Power of attorney | Acting for a company | Notarization, legalization chain, commercial classification in the UAE |
| Corporate documents | Registration and banking | Apostille (Saudi Arabia) or attestation chain (UAE); consistent name spellings |
| Court exhibits | Litigation | Certified Arabic translation by a licensed office; local court circulars |
| Arbitral award | Enforcement | Attested or certified Arabic translation of the full award |
Build both versions from one approved glossary, and keep one team responsible for every revision. Inconsistent terms invite argument over what the parties meant.
Whether a specific contract is valid is a question for counsel. Two rules still apply: Saudi courts require a certified Arabic translation of foreign-language documents, and the Labor Law gives Arabic priority in employment contracts.
Yes, if the parties or the tribunal agree on English under Article 29 of the Saudi Law of Arbitration. Enforcement still requires an attested Arabic translation of the award.
Yes. The Apostille Convention has applied to Saudi Arabia since 7 December 2022, so documents from other contracting states can use an apostille. The UAE is not listed and uses an attestation chain instead.
The Law of Civil Procedures calls for a certified translation prepared by a licensed office. Requirements differ by authority, so check with the court or your counsel before you commission the work.
How Afrasia Trans Can Help
Afrasia Trans translates legal documents between Arabic and English with dialect-level control. We translate into Modern Standard Arabic and review for Gulf usage, so contracts, policies and corporate records read correctly to Saudi and UAE readers. Our translation and localization solutions include bilingual glossaries, side-by-side contract review and multilingual DTP that keeps clause numbering aligned. If your deal also involves partners in Europe, Asia or Africa, our 150+ languages sit with one team. Where a filing needs a licensed office’s certification, confirm that step with your counsel. Ready to plan your next bilingual contract? Contact us for a quote.
About the Author
Mohamed Salah writes the Afrasia Trans industry guides on media, gaming, AI data, life sciences, legal and travel localization.
Sources
This article is for general information only. It is not legal, regulatory or medical advice.
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